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In this study, we theoretically propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor composed of a plasmonic gold film, double negative (DNG) metamaterial, graphene-MoS2-COOH Van der Waals heterostructures and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). We use a novel scheme of Goos-Hanchen (GH) shift to study the biosensing performances of our proposed plasmonic biosensor. The calculation results show that, both an extreme low reflectivity of 8.52×10-10 and significantly enhanced GH sensitivity of 2.1530×107 μm/RIU can be obtained, corresponding to the optimal configuration: 32 nm Au film/120 nm metamaterial/4-layer graphene/4-layer MoS2-COOH. In addition, there is a theoretically excellent linear response between the concentration of target analytes (SARS-CoV-2 and S protein) and the change in differential GH shift. Our proposed biosensor promises to be a useful tool for performing the novel coronavirus detection. © 2023 SPIE.
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Respiration monitoring of a large population is important in containing the spread of viral respiratory infections such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Current technologies, however, lack the ability in respiration monitoring of multiple human subjects in a long‐term, robust, and low‐cost manner. Herein, wireless respiration monitoring of multiple human subjects using facemask‐integrated flexible meta‐antennas is demonstrated. The flexible meta‐antenna has an architecture of multi‐layered anisotropic hole‐array, which is optimized by theory and simulations to achieve high performances including good antenna gain, robustness against body interferences, and high air permeability favorable for facemask integration. A person's respiration patterns and respiration rates are wirelessly obtained by the meta‐antenna integrated with a temperature‐sensor‐embedded chip. Respiration monitoring of multiple subjects in long range and long term during daily activities is simultaneously demonstrated. In addition, a real‐time data processing system is introduced in which a local server, a cloud server, and an application layer are implemented for the real‐time display of respiration patterns and automatic recognition of abnormal status. The design of flexible meta‐antennas may lead to a distinct class of physiological sensors over a large population for applications in pandemic control and personalized healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Advanced Materials Technologies is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
ABSTRACT
The recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus has made evident critical issues relating to virus sensing and the need for deployable tools for adequate, rapid, effective viral recognition on a large-scale. Although many conventional molecular and immuno-based techniques are widely used for these purposes, they still have some drawbacks concerning sensitivity, safety, laboriousness, long-term collection and data analysis. Therefore, new rapidly emerging approaches have been introduced such as terahertz (THz)-based technologies. In this contribution, we summarize the emerging THz radiation technology, its solutions and applications for high-sensitivity viral detection. © 2022 by the authors.
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Table 1 Highly cited articles published in Advanced Intelligent Systems in 2019/2020 with more than 25 citations in 2021 (Web of Science, 13 December 2022) Article Title (Article Type) Authors (Corresponding*) DOI 2021 Citations Wearable and Stretchable Strain Sensors: Materials, Sensing Mechanisms, and Applications (Review) Hamid Souri*, Hritwick Banerjee, Ardian Jusufi, Norbert Radacsi, Adam A. Stokes, Inkyu Park, Metin Sitti, Morteza Amjadi* https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000039 61 Robotics, Smart Wearable Technologies, and Autonomous Intelligent Systems for Healthcare During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the State of the Art and Future Vision (Essay) Mahdi Tavakoli*, Jay Carriere, Ali Torabi https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000071 52 Soft Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications: A Review (Review) Nazek El-Atab, Rishabh B. Mishra, Fhad Al-Modaf, Lana Joharji, Aljohara A. Alsharif, Haneen Alamoudi, Marlon Diaz,Nadeem Qaiser, Muhammad Mustafa Hussain* https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000128 35 Magnetic Actuation Systems for Miniature Robots: A Review (Review) Zhengxin Yang, Li Zhang* https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000082 29 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Empower Advanced Biomedical Material Design to Toxicity Prediction (Review) Ajay Vikram Singh*, Daniel Rosenkranz, Mohammad Hasan Dad Ansari, Rishabh Singh, Anurag Kanase, Shubham Pratap Singh, Blair Johnston, Jutta Tentschert, Peter Laux, Andreas Luch https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000084 29 Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor and Memristive Hardware for Neuromorphic Computing (Progress Report) Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi*, Ying-Chen Chen, Jason K. Eshraghian, Jia Chen,Chih-Yang Lin, Amirali Amirsoleimani, Adnan Mehonic, Anthony J. Kenyon, Burt Fowler, Jack C. Lee, Yao-Feng Chang* https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201900189 25 However, impact factor won't be the only metric reported by Wiley journals anymore. The scope of Advanced Intelligent Systems covers timely topics that are not only of interest to scientists and engineers but are also closely followed by the general public. Since the launch of the journal, several papers published in the journal have been highlighted by social media platforms and news outlets. Table 2 Papers published in 2022 with an Altmetric score above 40 (Altmetric, 13 Dec 2022) Article Title Authors (Corresponding*) DOI Altmetric Score An Autonomous Chemically Fueled Artificial Protein Muscle Matthias C. Huber, Uwe Jonas, Stefan M. Schiller* https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202100189 189 Neuromorphic Metamaterials for Mechanosensing and Perceptual Associative Learning Katherine S. Riley, Subhadeep Koner, Juan C. Osorio, Yongchao Yu, Harith Morgan, Janav P. Udani, Stephen A. Sarles*, Andres F. Arrieta* https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200158 178 All-Electric Nonassociative Learning in Nickel Oxide Sandip Mondal*, Zhen Zhang, A. N. M. Nafiul Islam, Robert Andrawis, Sampath Gamage, Neda Alsadat Aghamiri, Qi Wang, Hua Zhou, Fanny Rodolakis, Richard Tran, Jasleen Kaur, Chi Chen, Shyue Ping Ong, Abhronil Sengupta, Yohannes Abate, Kaushik Roy, Shriram Ramanathan https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200069 110 Autonomous Nanocrystal Doping by Self-Driving Fluidic Micro-Processors Fazel Bateni, Robert W. Epps, Kameel Antami, Rokas Dargis, Jeffery A. Bennett, Kristofer G. Reyes, Milad Abolhasani* https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200017 61 Overcoming the Force Limitations of Magnetic Robotic Surgery: Magnetic Pulse Actuated Collisions for Tissue-Penetrating-Needle for Tetherless Interventions Onder Erin*, Xiaolong Liu, Jiawei Ge, Justin Opfermann, Yotam Barnoy, Lamar O. Mair, Jin U. Kang, William Gensheimer, Irving N. Weinberg, Yancy Diaz-Mercado, Axel Krieger* https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200072 43 Our promotional activities to enhance the visibility of the journal and its papers continued in 2022.
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We present the first label-free detection and discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 variants having global spread (Wild-type, delta and omicron) by combining terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy and a metamaterial-based sensing chip. THz spectra suggest sensitive discrimination between variants that have only one or two different amino-acid sequences for each virus type, respectively, within just few minutes. © 2022 IEEE.
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Adhesion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein was studied by vibrational spectroscopy using terahertz metamaterials. Specific features of metastructure absorption by histidine, albumin, and receptor-binding domain of spike protein films were investigated. An original method for quantitative estimation of the efficiency of virus adhesion on the surface of metamaterials has been proposed and experimentally tested. © 2022 IEEE.
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Microplasma lamps based on the confinement of a weakly-ionized, low-temperature plasma in a microscale cavity have been found to be ideal for far UV-C radiation at 222 nm (KrCl ∗ excimer). During the last several years, researchers have demonstrated that far UV-C 222 nm efficiently kills airborne pathogens (coronaviruses) with minimal risk of harm to human skin or eyes. Therefore, the data support the premise that far UV-C 222 nm from a KrCl∗ excimer emission in the microplasma flat lamp can be used safely in occupied spaces. In particular, ACGIH recently increased the allowed human exposure levels at 222 nm more than seven times. 1 © 2022 IEEE.
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We propose a tested, sensitive, and prompt COVID-19 breath screening method that takes less than 1 min. The method is nonbiological and is based on the detection of a shift in the resonance frequency of a nanoengineered inductor-capacitor (LC) resonant metamaterial chip, caused by viruses and mainly related exhaled particles, when performing terahertz spectroscopy. The chip consists of thousands of microantennas arranged in an array and enclosed in a plastic breathalyzer-like disposable capsule kit. After an appreciable agreement between numerical simulations (COMSOL and CST) and experimental results was reached using our metamaterial design, low-scale clinical trials were conducted with asymptomatic and symptomatic coronavirus patients and healthy individuals. It is shown that coronavirus-positive individuals are effectively screened upon observation of a shift in the transmission resonance frequency of about 1.5-9 GHz, which is diagnostically different from the resonance shift of healthy individuals who display a 0-1.5 GHz shift. The initial results of screening coronavirus patients yielded 88% agreement with the realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results (performed concurrently with the breath test) with an outcome of a positive predicted value of 87% and a negative predicted value of 88%.
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An X-band, free-space microwave sensor consisting of 30 radial spokes connected in a central hub with a gap region was designed, fabricated and tested. The sensor structure results in an electric dipole at 10 GHz with a split circular disc capacitor at the center. Viruses, dust, and soot particles in the gap region change the sensor’s impedance and its reflection coefficient monitored by a horn antenna and a network analyzer. The sensor sensitivity was 85.02 MHz/microliter for deionized water, 89.5 MHz/microliter for uninfected saliva, and 94.6 MHz/microliter for SARS-COV-2 infected saliva with 103 viruses/μL. Its sensitivity to a dielectric sample (ερ~5.84) was 3.23 MHz/mm3, and for iron particles was 16.25 MHz/mm3. All these samples were smaller than λ/30 at 10 GHz and could not be detected on uniform dielectric or metallic substrates without the spoke structure. A 2x2 array of spoke sensors was also constructed and tested as a feasibility study for designing larger metamaterial (MTM) periodic arrays. IEEE
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Dipole–Dipole interactions (DDI) constitute an effective mechanism by which two physical entities can interact with each other. DDI processes can occur in a resonance framework if the energies of the two dipoles are very close. In this case, an energy transfer can occur without the need to emit a photon, taking the name of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Given their large dependence on the distance and orientation between the two dipoles, as well as on the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, DDIs are exceptional for sensing applications. There are two main ways to carry out FRET-based sensing: (i) enhancing or (ii) inhibiting it. Interaction with resonant environments such as plasmonic, optical cavities, and/or metamaterials promotes the former while acting on the distance between the FRET molecules favors the latter. In this review, we browse both the two ways, pointing the spotlight to the intrinsic interdisciplinarity these two sensing routes imply. We showcase FRET-based sensing mechanisms in a variety of contexts, from pH sensors to molecular structure measurements on a nano-metrical scale, with a particular accent on the central and still mostly overlooked role played between a nano-photonically structured environment and photoluminescent molecules.
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The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shown that there is a substantial need for high-precision reliable diagnostic tests able to detect extremely low virus concentrations nearly instantaneously. Since conventional methods are fairly limited, there is a need for an alternative method such as THz spectroscopy with the utilization of THz metamaterials. This paper proposes a method for sensitivity characterization, which is demonstrated on two chosen multi-band THz metamaterial sensors and samples of three different subtypes of the influenza A virus. Sensor models have been simulated in WIPL-D software in order to analyze their sensitivity both graphically and numerically around all resonant peaks in the presence of virus samples. The sensor with a sandwiched structure is shown to be more suitable for detecting extremely thin virus layers. The distribution of the electric field for this sensor suggests a possibility of controlling the two resonant modes independently. The sensor with cross-shaped patches achieves significantly better Q-factors and refractive sensitivities for both resonant peaks. The reasoning can be found in the wave–sample interaction enhancement due to the better electromagnetic field confinement. A high Q-factor of around 400 at the second resonant frequency makes the sensor with cross-shaped patches a promising candidate for potential applications in THz sensing. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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Spectral properties of S and S1 spike proteins were studied using vibration spectroscopy methods. Also, vibration signatures of amino acids that make up the RGD, the part of S1 protein responsible for adhesion, were studied by Terahertz (THz) time-domain, Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies in the low-frequency and in the fingerprint. THz metamaterials have been developed that increase the sensitivity of THz spectroscopy to the presence of both proteins. We have studied the spectra of amino acids, which play a role in the adhesion of proteins, on the metal surfaces of metamaterials, aluminum, and gold. Spectral differences were found between S and S1 proteins of SARS-CoV-2. The spectral differences between amino acids prepared in the form of thin films and in the form of bulk sample are discussed. © 2021 IEEE
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Adhesion of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is studied by vibrational spectroscopy using terahertz metamaterials. The features of metastructure absorption upon the deposition of histidine, albumin, and the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein films are investigated. An original technique for quantitative assessment of the efficiency of virus adhesion on the metamaterial surfaces are proposed and experimentally tested.
ABSTRACT
Adhesion of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is studied by vibrational spectroscopy using terahertz metamaterials. The features of metastructure absorption upon the deposition of histidine, albumin, and the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein films are investigated. An original technique for quantitative assessment of the efficiency of virus adhesion on the metamaterial surfaces are proposed and experimentally tested. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Quantum Electronics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
The development of effective assay techniques for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently received research attention due to its rapid worldwide spread and considerable risk to human health. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein in SARS-CoV-2, a key component for viral entry that has a unique sequence compared to other structural proteins, has been considered an important diagnostic target. In this respect, low-frequency vibrational modes have the advantage of providing information about compositional and structural dependencies at the peptide level. In this study, the sensitive and selective detection of peptides derived from the RBD in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV was investigated using metamaterial-based sensing chips with a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system. Based on their RBD sequences, two pairs of peptides with 20 residues each were prepared. The sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the proposed system were examined via quantitative analysis using THz metamaterials at three resonance frequencies, and it was found that the species could be discriminated based on their sequences. The THz signals were analyzed with regard to the major amino acid components of the peptides, and the molecular distributions were also investigated based on the hydropathy and net charge of the peptides.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques , COVID-19 , Humans , Peptides/metabolism , Protein Binding , Reproducibility of Results , SARS-CoV-2 , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistryABSTRACT
As demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, advanced deep ultraviolet (DUV) light sources (200-280 nm), such as AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) show excellence in preventing virus transmission, which further reveals their wide applications from biological, environmental, industrial to medical. However, the relatively low external quantum efficiencies (mostly lower than 10%) strongly restrict their wider or even potential applications, which have been known related to the intrinsic properties of high Al-content AlGaN semiconductor materials and especially their quantum structures. Here, we review recent progress in the development of novel concepts and techniques in AlGaN-based LEDs and summarize the multiple physical fields as a toolkit for effectively controlling and tailoring the crucial properties of nitride quantum structures. In addition, we describe the key challenges for further increasing the efficiency of DUV LEDs and provide an outlook for future developments.